| 1a |
Soft dorsal fin elements 16 or
fewer (rarely 17); anal fin elements 16 or fewer
(rarely 17); scales mostly cycloid, often caducous; a patch
of ctenoid scales
beneath pectoral fin .......................................................................................
2 |
| 1b |
Soft dorsal fin elements 17 or
more (rarely 16); anal fin elements 17 or more
(rarely 16); scales cycloid or ctenoid, not caducous; with
or without patch of
ctenoid scales beneath pectoral fin ...................................................................
4 |
| 2a |
Soft dorsal fin elements 15 or fewer; anal
fin elements 15 or fewer; anal fin
elements 15 or fewer; lateral scale rows less than 40; epaxial
myosepta
darkly pigmented ...........................................................................................
erectus |
| 2b |
Soft dorsal fin elements 16 (rarely
15 or 17); anal fin elements 16 (rarely 17)
lateral scale rows greater than 40; epaxial myosepta unpigmented
.................... 3 |
| 3a |
Preopercular sensory canal with
three pores; lateral scale rows less than 60;
pectoral rays 22-24; a prominent crest or ovoid-shaped spot
on body below
anterior dorsal spines ............................................................................
cyclolepis |
| 3b |
Preopercular sensory canal with 2 pores; lateral
scale rows more than 60;
pectoral rays 20-21; spot on body below anterior dorsal
spines faint,
never cresent shaped ......................................................................................
curtus |
| 4a |
Scales entirely cycloid, no ctenoid
patch beneath fin; pectoral fin short,
usually 18-24% of SL; both sexes with low, fleshy nuchal
crest ............................ 5 |
| 4b |
Patch of ctenoid scales present
beneath pectoral fin; remaning scales cycloid
or ctenoid; pectoral fin long, usually 23-27% of SL; fleshy
nuchal crest absent
in one or both sexes (always absent in males) ..........................................................
6 |
| 5a |
Dorsum with about 5 dark dashes
along dorsal fin base; diffuse dark spot on
body beneath anterior dorsal spines; about 4 enlarged, caninoid
teeth in
outer row of each dentary; soft dorsal fin elements usually
17; anal fin
elements usually 17 ..............................................................................
emblematicus |
| 5b |
Dorsum without dark dashes; a
dark bar bordered with yellow on body beneath
anterior dorsal spines in males; an iridescent yellow bar
present beneath
pectoral fin of females; about 6-7 enlarged, caninoid teeth
in outer row of each
dentary; soft dorsal fin elements usually 18; anal fin elements
usually 18 ...................................................................................................
brevispinnis |
| 6a |
A prominent dark spot or bar present
on body below origin of spinous dorsal fin;
soft dorsal fin elements usually 17; anal fin elements usually
17 ......................... 7 |
| 6b |
No dark spot on body below origin
of spinous dorsal fin; soft dorsal fin elements
17-18; anal fin elements usually 18 ..........................................................crocatus |
| 7a |
Each dentary with about 15-20
teeth in outer row; fleshy nuchal crest absent in
both sexes; males with dark bar on body below spinous dorsal
fin origin, females
with dark spot .....................................................................................
miraflorensis |
| 7b |
Each dentary with about 7-9 teeth
in outer row; fleshy nuchal crest well
developed in females; both sexes with a diffuse dark spot
on body below
origin of spinous dorsal fin ........................................................................
tabogensis |
